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  • Employees’ perceptions of co-workers’ internal promotion penalties : the role of gender, parenthood and part-time

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    Much research has focused on penalties by gender, parenthood and part-time work for hiring processes or wages, but their role for promotions is less clear. This study analyses perceived chances for internal promotion, using a factorial survey design. Employees in 540 larger German (>100 employees) firms were asked to rate the likelihood of internal promotion for vignettes describing fictitious co-workers who varied in terms of gender, parenthood, working hours as well as age, earnings, qualification, tenure and job performance. Results show that promotion chances are perceived as significantly lower for co-workers who are women (gender penalty), mothers (motherhood penalty) and part-time workers (part-time penalty). Fathers and childless men (co-workers) are not evaluated differently (no fatherhood premium or penalty), and neither does part-time employment seem to be perceived as a double penalty for male co-workers. All three perceived promotion penalties are more pronounced among female employees, mothers, and part-time employees. These findings show that employees perceive differential promotion chances for co-workers which indicate actual differences due to discrimination, selective applications or structural dead-ends. Either way, perceived promotion penalties are likely consequential in guiding employee’s application behavior and hence can contribute to the persistence of vertical gender segregation in the labor market.

  • Korman, Benjamin A. (2023): The Rising Use of LSD among Business Managers Substance Use & Misuse. Taylor & Francis. 2023, 59(2), pp. 159-166. ISSN 1082-6084. eISSN 1532-2491. Available under: doi: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2267105

    The Rising Use of LSD among Business Managers

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    Background


    Although studies have demonstrated that the use of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is on the rise in the United States, it remains unclear how this trend looks across the hierarchical ladder of the American workforce. This is relevant given that LSD is increasingly being touted as a means of boosting creativity and performance, with mounting anecdotal evidence that business managers in particular are turning to it for inspiration and insight.



    Methods


    Using pooled cross-sectional data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2006–2014) on 168,920 adults in the United States employed full-time (weighted = 117,270,940), this study investigates how temporal trends in past year LSD use differ among business managers and non-managers.



    Results


    The results suggest that the prevalence of past year LSD use increased over time at a greater rate among business managers than non-managers and that this difference cannot be accounted for by changes in business managers’ perceived risk of LSD use or general substance use relative to non-managers.



    Conclusions


    The study’s findings indicate that temporal trends in past year LSD use depend on employees’ hierarchical rank in their organization and suggest that business managers, regardless of gender, are becomingly increasingly interested in the potential competitive advantages that LSD may offer.

  • Klos, Leon; Fiedler, Janis; Nigg, Carina; Burchartz, Alexander; Hinz, Thomas; Wäsche, Hagen; Niessner, Claudia; Woll, Alexander (2023): Physical environment perceptions in rural and urban areas and their influence on adolescents’ walking and non-motorized vehicle use European Journal of Public Health. Oxford University Press (OUP). 2023, 33(Supplement_1), ckad133.231. ISSN 1101-1262. eISSN 1464-360X. Available under: doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad133.231

    Physical environment perceptions in rural and urban areas and their influence on adolescents’ walking and non-motorized vehicle use

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    The article describes differences in perceived environment attributes across urbanicity levels and assesses the relationship between perceived environment, walking and use of non-motorized vehicles (NMV) in adolescents in urban and rural areas.

  • Holzer, Boris (2023): Gleich ist nicht gleich gleich Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung. 10. Sept. 2023, No. 36, pp. 56

    Gleich ist nicht gleich gleich

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    dc.title:

  • Wolter, Felix; Cohen Raviv, Or; Mertens, Maila (2023): Discriminatory Residential Preferences in Germany : A Vignette Study Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie (KZfSS). Springer. 2023, 75(3), pp. 263-288. ISSN 0023-2653. eISSN 1861-891X. Available under: doi: 10.1007/s11577-023-00906-2

    Discriminatory Residential Preferences in Germany : A Vignette Study

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    The article focusses on the generating mechanisms of residential segregation for the demand side of housing markets, i.e., discriminatory residential preferences of inhabitants regarding the composition of their neighborhood. The data stem from an online survey among a random sample of the population of a mid-sized German city. In a vignette experiment, respondents were asked to rate example residential settings with respect to their attractiveness. The settings varied regarding the ethnic and religious composition of the neighborhood and other neighborhood characteristics that are positively or negatively related to residential attractiveness.


    We find that respondents have discriminatory residential preferences toward migrants and the presence of a Muslim community in the neighborhood. One-half of the migrant effect is mitigated if other positively connoted residential characteristics exist. We take this as an indication for statistical discrimination. This does not hold for the “Muslim community” effect. Discrimination gets stronger with higher levels of perceived economic group-threat from migrants. We further find evidence for a cultural group-threat and for the contact hypothesis: religious people are more discriminatory than nonreligious people, and real-life contact with migrants entails less discrimination.

  • Schneider, Gerald (2023): Economics and Conflict : Moving Beyond Conjectures and Correlations SANDAL, Nukhet, ed.. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies. living reference. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023. Available under: doi: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.84

    Economics and Conflict : Moving Beyond Conjectures and Correlations

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    The theoretical and empirical literature on the reciprocal topics of economy and war have developed a fertile debate. Most contributions examine the liberal hope that growing economic bonds between or within nations reduce the risk of violent conflict, while an increasing number of studies also examine the destructive and redistributive effect of war, terrorism, and genocides. Most studies in the field do not provide clear micro-foundations for the opportunity-cost arguments that are typically made to justify the deterring effects of increased economic interactions. To move the field forward, contributions need to focus more on how the relationship between business leaders and the government shapes decision-making in periods of crisis. Recent advances have been made to understand the economic impact of massive political violence that can be better understood through the use of temporally disaggregated data.

  • Marczuk, Anna; Strauß, Susanne (2023): Does context matter? : The gendered impact of study conditions on dropout intentions from higher education Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft. Springer. 2023, 26(5), pp. 1349-1371. ISSN 1434-663X. eISSN 1862-5215. Available under: doi: 10.1007/s11618-023-01175-7

    Does context matter? : The gendered impact of study conditions on dropout intentions from higher education

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    This paper aims to understand how study conditions impact men and women’s dropout intentions differently. As a first step, we analyse the gendered impact of three aspects of study conditions that were at the centre of the Bologna Process: achievement norms, the structure of the curriculum and practical components in the study programme. As a second step, we aim to understand how individual-level differences between men and women (performance, academic self-efficacy and perceived psychological burdens) mediate this gendered impact of study conditions on dropout intentions. We use the German Student Survey data (2000–2016), which allows for valid measurement of study conditions at the subject group level. Our results show that women’s dropout intentions tend to increase in study contexts with high achievement norms, while men benefit more than women from highly structured study contexts. The practical component, in turn, lowers the dropout intentions of both groups equally.

  • Andersen, Henrik K.; Mayerl, Jochen; Wolter, Felix; Junkermann, Justus (2023): Pseudo-Opinions in Online Surveys : Evidence to Recontextualize the Imputed Meaning Hypothesis Survey Research Methods. European Survey Research Association. 2023, 17(2), pp. 205-217. eISSN 1864-3361. Available under: doi: 10.18148/srm/2023.v17i2.7943

    Pseudo-Opinions in Online Surveys : Evidence to Recontextualize the Imputed Meaning Hypothesis

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    Pseudo-opinions refer to survey respondents giving answers to topics they are unfamiliar with. They are widespread but the reasons why respondents do not just admit they “don’t know” are not well-understood. We investigate the underlying mechanisms for pseudo-opinions in online surveys: do respondents satisfice and perform a “mental coin-flip,” or do they optimize and attempt to “impute a meaning” to the unknown question and answer accordingly? And can we reduce the prevalence of pseudo-opinions by expressing to respondents that it is okay not to have an opinion? To do so, we use fictitious issues. These are survey questions about nonexistent topics and things. We use response latencies as an indicator for the mode of responding, on a continuum from automatic-spontaneous to controlled-deliberate, to investigate whether pseudo-opinions are the result of satisficing or optimizing. We also conduct a survey experiment in which the presence of an explicit “don’t know” category is randomly assigned. The sample (n = 1288) consists of data collected in August 2019 from an online panel provider. The target population was defined as adults between 18–69 years old with internet access residing in Germany. Quotas were put in place for age and sex. We find pseudo-opinions are predicted by faster, automatic responses. This contradicts the widely-assumed imputed meaning model of pseudo-opinions. The presence of an explicit “don’t know” category reduces pseudo-opinions dramatically but does not moderate the effect of deliberate or automatic responding on pseudo-opinions.

  • Korman, Benjamin A. (2023): On the mushrooming reports of “quiet quitting” : Employees’ lifetime psilocybin use predicts their overtime hours worked Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. Taylor & Francis. ISSN 0279-1072. eISSN 2159-9777. Available under: doi: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2242358

    On the mushrooming reports of “quiet quitting” : Employees’ lifetime psilocybin use predicts their overtime hours worked

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    Despite the recent and sharp rise in psychedelic research, few studies have investigated how classic psychedelic use relates to employees’ work-related outcomes. This is surprising given that the increased use, decriminalization, and legalization of classic psychedelics in the United States (U.S.) has the potential to impact both employees and their organizations. Addressing this gap, the current study explores how employees’ lifetime psilocybin use relates to the amount of overtime they work, thereby offering insight into what current trends in psilocybin use could mean for businesses. Using pooled, cross-sectional data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2002–2014) on 217,963 adults employed in the U.S. full-time, this study tests whether lifetime psilocybin use is associated with employees’ number of overtime hours worked in the past week. After adjusting for sociodemographics and other substance use, a significant negative association is found between employees’ lifetime psilocybin use and the amount of overtime they reported working. Specifically, the findings suggest that lifetime psilocybin use in the U.S. full-time working population is associated with an estimated 44,348,400 fewer overtime hours worked per year and may help explain recent findings linking employees’ lifetime psilocybin use to a reduction in sick leave taken.

  • Kupisch, Tanja; Lloyd-Smith, Anika; Bergmann, Fabian; Yasar, Rusen (2023): Language Matters : Inequality amongst the Sámi Minority in Norway & Sweden In_equality magazine : Research Magazine of the Cluster of Excellence “The Politics of Inequality” at the University of Konstanz. University of Konstanz. 2023, 5, pp. 12-17. ISSN 2748-5404. eISSN 2748-5420

    Project : “Ethnic policies” – remedy for between-group inequalities?

    Language Matters : Inequality amongst the Sámi Minority in Norway & Sweden

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    Members of the Sámi minorities in Norway and Sweden who identify with their native culture experience discrimination, especially when they use the Sámi language in public. While this is true in both countries, a comparison shows that specific minority policies affect the level of inequality. Spending more on the enhancement of Sámi language and culture—as Norway does—leads to a higher level of (self)esteem and equality

  • Kupisch, Tanja; Lloyd-Smith, Anika; Bergmann, Fabian; Yasar, Rusen (2023): Wie Sprache den Status prägt : Ungleichheitserfahrungen von Sam*innen in Norwegen & Schweden In_equality magazin : Das Forschungsmagazin des Exzellenzclusters „The Politics of Inequality“ an der Universität Konstanz. Universität Konstanz. 2023, 5, pp. 12-17. ISSN 2748-5404. eISSN 2748-5420

    Project : “Ethnic policies” – remedy for between-group inequalities?

    Wie Sprache den Status prägt : Ungleichheitserfahrungen von Sam*innen in Norwegen & Schweden

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    Angehörige der samischen Minderheiten in Norwegen und Schweden, die sich mit ihrer indigenen Kultur identifizieren, erfahren Diskriminierung, insbesondere wenn sie die samische Sprache in der Öffentlichkeit verwenden. Dies trifft zwar auf beide Länder zu, aber im Vergleich zeigt sich, dass die jeweilige Minderheitenpolitik das Ausmaß der Ungleichheit beeinflusst. Wenn – wie in Norwegen – mehr in die Förderung der samischen Sprache und Kultur investiert wird, führt dies zu einem höheren Maß an (Selbst-)Wertschätzung und Gleichheit.

  • Bitschnau, Marco; Mußotter, Marlene (2023): When Perception Strikes Back : Testing Popular Agreement with Blank and Schmidt’s Item Categorization Politische Vierteljahresschrift. Springer. 2023, 65(1), S. 23-47. ISSN 0032-3470. eISSN 1862-2860. Verfügbar unter: doi: 10.1007/s11615-023-00469-z

    When Perception Strikes Back : Testing Popular Agreement with Blank and Schmidt’s Item Categorization

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    For more than two decades, the work of Blank and Schmidt has greatly influenced empirical research on national attachment. Distinguishing between nationalism, patriotism, and national identity, it rests on a set of item batteries that have since been taken up by numerous researchers. In this contribution, we argue that the categorization of most of these items is inconsistent with the perception of a nonexpert sample and, in some cases, even in direct opposition to it. To substantiate this claim, we present the results of an online survey of German university students ( N  = 424) who were tasked with assigning all items from Blank and Schmidt’s 1997 article to one of the three categories. As hypothesized, the majority of respondents assigned only a few items correctly—so few that their overall agreement with Blank and Schmidt was even lower than what would normally be expected from a random distribution. We also asked about item understandability and found that while some items were considered relatively difficult to understand, there was no obvious correlation between these and the miscategorized ones. Taking this discrepancy between academic and nonacademic concept use into account can further our understanding of national attachment and help us refine existing survey techniques.

  • Was Masterstudiengänge attraktiv macht : Einschätzungen aus Sicht der Studierenden

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    Nach dem Bachelorstudium müssen sich Studierende entscheiden, ob sie ein Masterstudium anschließen oder in den Arbeitsmarkt einsteigen. Welche Gründe sprechen subjektiv für oder gegen ein Masterstudium? Welche Rolle spielt die Bildungsherkunft der Studierenden bei dieser Entscheidung? Welche Merkmale von Masterstudiengängen sprechen Studierende besonders an oder schrecken sie ab? Im Artkel werden ausgewählte Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten Erhebung von Studierenden in Deutschland ("Studierendenbefragung in Deutschland") vorgestellt.

  •   30.04.25  
    Schmid, Sven-Patrick (2023): Individual or collective rights? : Consequences for the satisfaction with democracy among Indigenous peoples in Latin America Democratization. Taylor & Francis. 2023, 30(6), pp. 1113-1134. ISSN 1351-0347. eISSN 1743-890X. Available under: doi: 10.1080/13510347.2023.2213163

    Individual or collective rights? : Consequences for the satisfaction with democracy among Indigenous peoples in Latin America

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    For decades, Indigenous peoples and their movements have fought for the recognition of their rights. Since the multiculturalist turn, these demands are – at least partially – a legal reality in many countries in Latin America. Indigenous group rights can be attributed to individual group members or in a collective way to the group as such. Here, I investigate how these contrasting approaches impact on Indigenous citizens’ satisfaction with democracy. From normative theory, I derive the expectation that incorporating collective Indigenous rights increases satisfaction with democracy, because they address the historical loss of Indigenous sovereignty and open new spaces for the participation of previously marginalized groups. In contrast, the individualization of Indigenous group rights can be seen as a form of assimilation. The empirics show that collective rights increase the satisfaction with democracy among Indigenous peoples – and among the wider public. Thus, recognizing collective minority rights does not seem to stir division but sends a message that democracy is working well.

  • Holzer, Boris (2023): Immun gegen Expertise Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung. 28. Mai 2023, No. 21, pp. 56

    Immun gegen Expertise

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    dc.title:

  • Bischof, Daniel; Kurer, Thomas (2023): Place-Based Campaigning : The Political Impact of Real Grassroots Mobilization The Journal of Politics. University of Chicago Press. 2023, 85(3), S. 984-1002. ISSN 0022-3816. eISSN 1468-2508. Verfügbar unter: doi: 10.1086/723985

    Place-Based Campaigning : The Political Impact of Real Grassroots Mobilization

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    Generations of research have incrementally identified the circumstances under which electoral campaigns matter. Direct interpersonal contact within local networks is commonly seen as conducive to campaign impact, but empirical evidence is scarce because of demanding data requirements. We advance the literature by studying the Movimento Cinque Stelle (M5S), an important challenger party in Italy, which followed the unusual practice of coordinating political activities on a public online platform. We web scraped the entire history of the movement’s more than 1,000 local branches with over 200,000 geocoded political activities, to study the effect and mechanisms of their no campaign in the 2016 constitutional referendum. Relying on regression, matching, and instrumental variable models, we demonstrate that local M5S mobilization had substantial campaign effects. Our results have important implications, as they highlight the effectiveness of locally rooted campaigns and the particular potency of place-based political mobilization.

  • Häusermann, Silja; Kurer, Thomas; Zollinger, Delia (2023): Aspiration Versus Apprehension : Economic Opportunities and Electoral Preferences British Journal of Political Science. Cambridge University Press. 2023, 53(4), S. 1230-1251. ISSN 0007-1234. eISSN 1469-2112. Verfügbar unter: doi: 10.1017/s0007123423000145

    Aspiration Versus Apprehension : Economic Opportunities and Electoral Preferences

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    Recent studies take increasingly refined views of how socioeconomic conditions influence political behaviour. We add to this literature by exploring how voters' prospective evaluations of long-term economic and social opportunities relate to electoral contestation versus the stabilization of the political-economic system underpinning the knowledge society. Using survey data from eight West European countries, we show that positive prospects are associated with higher support for mainstream parties (incumbents and opposition) and lower support for radical parties on all levels of material well-being. Our results support the idea that ‘aspirational voters’ with positive evaluations of opportunities (for themselves or their children) represent an important stabilizing force in advanced democratic capitalism. However, we also highlight the importance of radical party support among ‘apprehensive voters’, who are economically secure but perceive a lack of long-term opportunities. To assess the implications of these findings, we discuss the relative importance of these groups across different countries.

  • Holzer, Boris (2023): Pfade der Polarisierung Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung. 7. Mai 2023, No. 18, pp. 56

    Pfade der Polarisierung

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    dc.title:

  • Eick, Gianna Maria; Busemeyer, Marius R. (2023): Migration levels and welfare support : evidence from the local level Journal of European Public Policy. Taylor & Francis. 2023, 31(9), S. 2422-2454. ISSN 1350-1763. eISSN 1466-4429. Verfügbar unter: doi: 10.1080/13501763.2023.2195440

    Migration levels and welfare support : evidence from the local level

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    Does migration pose a threat to welfare state legitimacy? We address thisprominent question with a multilevel analysis of novel survey data, the ‘Inequality Barometer’, which includes individual and local-level context data in Germany (6208 individuals, up to 401 local districts). Our results suggest that the public is more reluctant to support welfare where the proportion of migrants at the local level is larger. This effect even persists when welfare is directed at groups that are perceived as more deserving of welfare support (like children, sick or older individuals) and when we examine the levels of employed migrants (that pay into the welfare state). We also find that these effects are moderated by economic risk. Particularly, we find that individuals facing higher economic risk support welfare less than their counterparts when exposed to migration. Future research should expand the local-level approach and investigate the causal mechanisms that the welfare-migration nexus is based on in more detail.

  • Maué, Elisabeth; Findeisen, Stefanie; Schumann, Stephan (2023): Development, predictors, and effects of trainees’ organizational identification during their first year of vocational education and training Frontiers in Psychology. Frontiers. 2023, 14, 1148251. eISSN 1664-1078. Available under: doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1148251

    Development, predictors, and effects of trainees’ organizational identification during their first year of vocational education and training

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    The vocational identity of trainees is one component of their professional competence and is considered to be a central goal of vocational education and training (VET) programs. From the numerous identity constructs and conceptualizations, this study focuses on the organizational identification of trainees, that is, the extent to which trainees internalize the values and goals of their training company and perceive themselves as part of this company. We are specifically interested in the development, predictors, and effects of trainees’ organizational identification, as well as the interrelations between organizational identification and social integration. We use longitudinal data of n  = 250 trainees in dual VET programs in Germany at the very beginning of their VET program (t1), after 3 months (t2), and after 9 months (t3). A structural equation model was used to analyze the development, predictors, and effects of organizational identification for the first 9 months of training and the cross-lagged effects between organizational identification and social integration. The results showed a high stability of trainees’ organizational identification over the first 9 months. Regarding the predictors, the results indicated positive direct and indirect effects of the formal socialization tactics implemented by the training company, as well as of support by the trainer at the beginning of the training. However, collegial support at the beginning of the training did not seem to play a significant role in organizational identification. Moreover, organizational identification positively affected trainees’ emotional engagement and self-perceived competence while negatively predicting dropout intentions after 9 months of training. Finally, the cross-lagged effects between organizational identification and social integration were not significant, and only at t3 were these constructs positively correlated. However, regarding the development, predictors, and effects, very similar results were found for organizational identification and social integration. The results underline the positive significance of organizational identification for the individual, the company, and society, even at this early stage of training. The results are discussed regarding both their scientific and practical implications.

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