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  • Maué, Elisabeth; Findeisen, Stefanie; Schumann, Stephan (2023): Development, predictors, and effects of trainees’ organizational identification during their first year of vocational education and training Frontiers in Psychology. Frontiers. 2023, 14, 1148251. eISSN 1664-1078. Available under: doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1148251

    Development, predictors, and effects of trainees’ organizational identification during their first year of vocational education and training

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    The vocational identity of trainees is one component of their professional competence and is considered to be a central goal of vocational education and training (VET) programs. From the numerous identity constructs and conceptualizations, this study focuses on the organizational identification of trainees, that is, the extent to which trainees internalize the values and goals of their training company and perceive themselves as part of this company. We are specifically interested in the development, predictors, and effects of trainees’ organizational identification, as well as the interrelations between organizational identification and social integration. We use longitudinal data of n  = 250 trainees in dual VET programs in Germany at the very beginning of their VET program (t1), after 3 months (t2), and after 9 months (t3). A structural equation model was used to analyze the development, predictors, and effects of organizational identification for the first 9 months of training and the cross-lagged effects between organizational identification and social integration. The results showed a high stability of trainees’ organizational identification over the first 9 months. Regarding the predictors, the results indicated positive direct and indirect effects of the formal socialization tactics implemented by the training company, as well as of support by the trainer at the beginning of the training. However, collegial support at the beginning of the training did not seem to play a significant role in organizational identification. Moreover, organizational identification positively affected trainees’ emotional engagement and self-perceived competence while negatively predicting dropout intentions after 9 months of training. Finally, the cross-lagged effects between organizational identification and social integration were not significant, and only at t3 were these constructs positively correlated. However, regarding the development, predictors, and effects, very similar results were found for organizational identification and social integration. The results underline the positive significance of organizational identification for the individual, the company, and society, even at this early stage of training. The results are discussed regarding both their scientific and practical implications.

  • Holzer, Boris (2023): Gleichheit, die ich meine Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung. 16. Apr. 2023, No. 15, pp. 60

    Gleichheit, die ich meine

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  • Rinscheid, Adrian; Koos, Sebastian (2023): War and pandemic do not jeopardize Germans’ willingness to support climate measures Communications Earth & Environment. Springer. 2023, 4(1), 101. eISSN 2662-4435. Available under: doi: 10.1038/s43247-023-00755-z

    War and pandemic do not jeopardize Germans’ willingness to support climate measures

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    How do the impacts of acute crises influence citizens’ willingness to support different types of climate measures? An acute crisis can be understood either as an impediment or as an opportunity for climate change mitigation. In the first perspective, crisis impacts would create negative spill-overs and dampen citizens’ willingness to support climate action, while in the second perspective, the opposite would occur. Based on a survey experiment fielded in Germany in 2022 ( n  = 5438), we find that the economic implications of the Russo-Ukrainian War do not decrease behavioral willingness, while restrictions of civil liberties to combat the COVID-19 pandemic lead to higher climate support, underpinning the crisis-as-opportunity perspective. Willingness to support climate measures is strongest among (1) those most concerned about climate change, and (2) those who trust the government. We conclude that individuals do not wish climate change mitigation to be deprioritized on the back of other crises.

  • Sen, Indira; Ulloa, Roberto; Urman, Aleksandra; Makhortykh, Mykola; Kacperski, Celina (2023): Refugee or Expat, Hero or Threat : Migrant Queries in Google News Search Results 2022: AoIR2022 : Selected Papers in Internet Research 2022 : Research from the Annual Conference of the Association of Internet Researchers. Illinois: University of Illinois Libraries, 2023. eISSN 2162-3317. Verfügbar unter: doi: 10.5210/spir.v2022i0.13085

    Refugee or Expat, Hero or Threat : Migrant Queries in Google News Search Results

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    Search engines play a gatekeeper role in current high-choice information environments. Considered a form of new media, users are still more likely to find and trust news found through search than social media sites. Indeed, search engines are one of the most utilised technologies to find political information, despite audits uncovering biases in their results, for example, towards national outlets over local ones. It is therefore important to keep in mind the potential of search results to affect public opinion. With this study, we investigate how Google search news headlines and snippets differ when varying migrant search terms (e.g., immigrant, refugee, expat). We employ computational text analysis methods as well as qualitative content analysis. Specifically, we employ an automated framework for detecting media frames, originally trained on Twitter data, and attempt to transfer it to news data; this framework allows for a categorization of data to frames of a generic-issue (economy, safety, health) and specific (hero:diversity, threat:jobs) nature. We evaluate its applicability for this novel data source and find that it performs well for frames related economy and security. Our next steps include analysing the results of other computational measures, namely, sentiment, agency and political outlet of the news item. We expect that sentiment and agency will complement the initial results we see based on media frames.

  • Lauterbach, Ann Sophie; Kunze, Florian (2023): A Quasi-Experimental Exploration of Activity-Based Flexible Office Design and Demographic Differences in Employee Absenteeism Environment and Behavior. Sage. 2023, 55(1-2), pp. 47-73. ISSN 0013-9165. eISSN 1552-390X. Available under: doi: 10.1177/00139165231163549

    A Quasi-Experimental Exploration of Activity-Based Flexible Office Design and Demographic Differences in Employee Absenteeism

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    This study examines whether transitioning from cellular offices to an activity-based flexible office (A-FO) impacts employee absenteeism over time. Based on privacy theory, we hypothesized that changing from cell offices to an A-FO setting would lead to increased employee absenteeism. We further assumed that longer-tenured and female employees would experience greater difficulty with the transition, leading to more absenteeism among these groups. Using a sample of 2,017 white-collar workers tracked over 8 years, we quasi-experimentally investigated if absenteeism in the group with the office design intervention (1,035 individuals) differed from the control group (982 individuals). In the difference-in-difference (DiD) framework, nested negative binomial regression showed no difference in absenteeism between the intervention and control groups. However, a three-way interaction revealed that long-term employees showed higher absenteeism when switching to an A-FO. We discuss our contributions and the implications for corporate leadership, human resources, and change management.

  • Bellani, Luna; Fazio, Andrea; Scervini, Francesco (2023): Collective Negative Shocks and Preferences for Redistribution : Evidence from the COVID-19 Crisis in Germany Journal of Economic Inequality. Springer. 2023, 21(2), pp. 381-403. ISSN 1569-1721. eISSN 1573-8701. Available under: doi: 10.1007/s10888-022-09558-2

    Collective Negative Shocks and Preferences for Redistribution : Evidence from the COVID-19 Crisis in Germany

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    Using new data from a three-wave panel survey administered in Germany between May 2020 and May 2021, this paper studies the impact of a negative shock affecting all strata of the population, such as the development of COVID-19, on preferences for redistribution. Exploiting the plausibly exogenous change in the severity of the infection rate at the county level, we show that, contrary to some theoretical expectations, the worse the crisis, the less our respondents expressed support for redistribution. We provide further evidence that this is not driven by a decrease in inequality aversion but might be driven by the individuals’ level of trust.

  • Leuffen, Dirk; Mounchid, Pascal; Heermann, Max; Koos, Sebastian (2023): Mobilizing domestic support for international vaccine solidarity : recommendations for health crisis communication npj Vaccines. Springer. 2023, 8(1), 28. eISSN 2059-0105. Available under: doi: 10.1038/s41541-023-00625-x

    Mobilizing domestic support for international vaccine solidarity : recommendations for health crisis communication

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  • Why Language Matters : Inequality Perceptions among the Sámi in Sweden and Norway

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    Every two weeks, one of the world’s estimated 7,000 languages dies. Yet what are the consequences of having to give up one’s native language? Speakers of minority languages worldwide face barriers to using their languages outside their homes, often with negative consequences for educational and economic success. A new survey of the Indigenous Sámi in Sweden and Norway suggests that language policies are key to perceptions of inequality. Speakers of the Sámi languages have lower perceptions of their societal standing than Sámi who have given up the language. Combined with insights from an in-depth study on Sámi language education, our findings suggest that policies should facilitate language maintenance in linguistic minorities. Supporting these languages may help to reduce feelings of discrimination.

  • Holzer, Boris (2023): Effektive Vetternwirtschaft Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung. 5. Feb. 2023, No. 5, pp. 56

    Effektive Vetternwirtschaft

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  • Cêtre, Sophie; Lobeck, Max (2023): Principal’s distributive preferences and the incentivization of agents Experimental Economics. Springer. 2023, 26(3), pp. 646-672. ISSN 1386-4157. eISSN 1573-6938. Available under: doi: 10.1007/s10683-023-09791-0

    Principal’s distributive preferences and the incentivization of agents

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    Do principals' distributive preferences affect the allocation of incentives within firms? We run a Principal-Agent lab experiment, framed as a firm setting. In the experiment, subjects are randomized in the principal or worker position. Principals must choose piece rate wage contracts for two workers that differ in terms of ability. Workers have to choose an effort level that is non-contractible. Principals are either paid in proportion to the output produced (Stakeholder treatment) or paid a fixed wage (Spectator treatment). We study how principals make trade-offs between incentive concerns (motivating workers to maximize output) and their own normative distributive preferences. We find that, despite the firm-frame and the moral hazard situation, principals do hold egalitarian concerns, as principals are on average willing to trade off their firm's performance (and so their own income) for more wage equality among their workers. The willingness to reduce inequality among workers is sensitive to both extensive and intensive margin incentives, which shows that principals' choices are shaped by incentives that they face themselves.

  • Sheffer, Lior; Loewen, Peter John; Walgrave, Stefaan; Bailer, Stefanie; Breunig, Christian; Helfer, Luzia; Pilet, Jean-Benoit; Varone, Frédéric; Vliegenthart, Rens (2023): How Do Politicians Bargain? : Evidence from Ultimatum Games with Legislators in Five Countries American Political Science Review. Cambridge University Press. 2023, 117(4), pp. 1429-1447. ISSN 0003-0554. eISSN 1537-5943. Available under: doi: 10.1017/S0003055422001459

    How Do Politicians Bargain? : Evidence from Ultimatum Games with Legislators in Five Countries

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    Politicians regularly bargain with colleagues and other actors. Bargaining dynamics are central to theories of legislative politics and representative democracy, bearing directly on the substance and success of legislation, policy, and on politicians’ careers. Yet, controlled evidence on how legislators bargain is scarce. Do they apply different strategies when engaging different actors? If so, what are they, and why? To study these questions, we field an ultimatum game bargaining experiment to 1,100 sitting politicians in Belgium, Canada, Germany, Switzerland, and the United States. We find that politicians exhibit a strong partisan bias when bargaining, a pattern that we document across all of our cases. The size of the partisan bias in bargaining is about double the size when politicians engage citizens than when they face colleagues. We discuss implications for existing models of bargaining and outline future research directions.

  • Busemeyer, Marius R.; Guillaud, Elvire (2023): Knowledge, skills or social mobility? : Citizens' perceptions of the purpose of education Social Policy & Administration. Wiley. 2023, 57(2), pp. 122-143. ISSN 0144-5596. eISSN 1467-9515. Available under: doi: 10.1111/spol.12897

    Knowledge, skills or social mobility? : Citizens' perceptions of the purpose of education

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    This article explores individual views of the purpose of education. Most existing research focuses on attitudes and policy preferences; while these types of perceptions have so far been largely overlooked due to a lack of data. Our analysis of original survey data in eight Western European countries shows that personal socioeconomic factors and ideological predispositions shape these individual opinions. Individuals with higher levels of education and income are more likely to view education as aimed at expanding knowledge as goal by itself, and less likely to view it as a tool to promote intergenerational social mobility. Left-leaning individuals are also more likely to regard education as a goal by itself, and less likely to view it as conferring useful labour market skills for the younger generation. Finally, we investigate the relationship between these different views and individual preferences for social policies. Our results show that the perception of education as promoting intergenerational mobility is strongly associated with support for passive transfers, while the perception of education as conferring marketable skills increases support for workfare policies. Social investment policies, because they are widely supported in the population, are not linked to specific views on education.

  • Holzer, Boris (2023): Der Corona-Skeptiker als Rationalist Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung. 15. Jan. 2023, No. 2, pp. 56

    Der Corona-Skeptiker als Rationalist

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  • Do women evaluate their lower earnings still to be fair? : Findings on the contented female worker paradox examining the role of occupational contexts in 27 European countries

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    It is still a puzzling question which gender inequalities in the labour market are perceived as fair and which are not – in the eye of the beholder. This study focuses on gender differences in the perceptions of the fairness of one’s own wage and the role of the occupational context individuals are embedded in. Based on data collected from 27 European countries as part of the 2018 European Social Survey (Round 9), our study contributes to the growing field of wage fairness perceptions by analysing the role of the occupational context (measured as the share of women and the gender pay gap in the respondent’s occupation), and how it moderates gender differences in fairness perceptions. Results indicate that – overall – female workers across Europe perceive their wages more often as unfairly “too low” than their male counterparts within the same country context and occupation, and that this gender gap is more pronounced in occupations with a high proportion of women and higher levels of gender inequality. We interpret these results as an indicator of growing awareness among women regarding the persisting “unfair” gendered wage distributions.

  • Spanner, Franziska; Diehl, Claudia (2023): Settlers, Target-Earners, Young Professionals : Distinct Migrant Types, Distinct Integration Trajectories? International Migration. Wiley. 2023, 61(1), pp. 105-124. ISSN 0020-7985. eISSN 1468-2435. Available under: doi: 10.1111/imig.12904

    Settlers, Target-Earners, Young Professionals : Distinct Migrant Types, Distinct Integration Trajectories?

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    In this article, we start out from theoretical concepts about different types of migrants that feature prominently in the immigration literature. By applying latent class analysis to a unique ‘mini-panel’ data set on recent Polish and Turkish immigrants in Germany, we identify two types of migrants that are in line with the literature, namely settlers and target-earners. We label a third group that is best described as educational target-earners: ‘young learners/professionals’. Regarding variation in these groups’ early sociocultural integration patterns, results suggest that they reflect primarily differences in migrants’ intention to stay, individual resources such as education, and opportunities for integration related to newcomers’ involvement in the educational system or labour force. In sum, migrant types – though certainly more intuitively appealing and vivid than single ‘variables’ – seem to have limited explanatory power when it comes to predicting newcomers’ early integration trajectories.

  • Galos, Diana Roxana; Strauß, Susanne (2023): Why do women opt for gender-atypical fields of study? The increasing role of income motivation over time Higher Education. Springer. 2023, 85, pp. 795-817. ISSN 0018-1560. eISSN 1573-174X. Available under: doi: 10.1007/s10734-022-00866-0

    Why do women opt for gender-atypical fields of study? The increasing role of income motivation over time

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    Gender segregation in fields of study represents an important explanation for gender inequalities in the labor market, such as the gender wage gap. Research shows that horizontal gender segregation in higher education persists for a variety of reasons, including women’s greater communal goals and men’s greater motivation to earn high incomes. Yet with the male breadwinner model in decline, a key question is whether women’s motivation to earn high incomes might contribute to increasing women’s participation in female-atypical fields of study. Using data from the German Student Survey over a period of 30 years, our findings show that the proportion of women enrolled in female-atypical fields of study increased from 1984 to 2015. Moreover, women’s motivation to earn high incomes mediates the effect of time on enrollment in female-atypical fields of study. Their motivation to earn high incomes might thus be a factor contributing to the disruption of gender segregation in fields of study over time. Furthermore, contrary to expectations, the motivation to earn high incomes as a driving force for women to opt for gender-atypical fields of study is not stratified by social background.

  • Cluster of Excellence “The Politics of Inequality” (Hrsg.) (2023): Information, Language, Power

    Information, Language, Power

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    dc.contributor.editor: Cluster of Excellence “The Politics of Inequality”

  • Bellani, Luna; Fabella, Vigile Marie; Scervini, Francesco (2023): Strategic compromise, policy bundling and interest group power : Theory and evidence on education policy European Journal of Political Economy. Elsevier. 2023, 77, 102283. ISSN 0176-2680. eISSN 1873-5703. Available under: doi: 10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2022.102283

    Strategic compromise, policy bundling and interest group power : Theory and evidence on education policy

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    Policy reforms are often multifaceted. In the rent-seeking literature policies are usually taken as one-dimensional. This paper models policy formation using a political contest with endogenous policy proposals containing two dimensions, e.g. access and quality of education. The two dimensions provide an opportunity to trade off one policy over another to make the lobbying opposition less aggressive. In a first stage, the government proposes a reform over the two policies, and in a second stage engages in a contest with an interest group over the enactment of the proposed reform. As a result, the government makes a compromise, under-proposing in the policy the interest group opposes and over-proposing in the policy the interest group desires. Effectively, there will be strategic bundling of desired policies with undesired ones in an attempt to increase enactment probability and overall utility. We study this prediction empirically using a newly complied dataset on education legislation in the states of California, Illinois and Texas. Results suggest that stronger opposition is associated with less quality reforms. Moreover, as predicted by the model, when bundling access reforms together with quality, the negative effect is counteracted.

  • Heermann, Max; Koos, Sebastian; Leuffen, Dirk (2023): Who Deserves European Solidarity? : How Recipient Characteristics Shaped Public Support for International Medical and Financial Aid during COVID-19 British Journal of Political Science. Cambridge University Press. 2023, 53(2), pp. 629-651. ISSN 0007-1234. eISSN 1469-2112. Available under: doi: 10.1017/S0007123422000357

    Who Deserves European Solidarity? : How Recipient Characteristics Shaped Public Support for International Medical and Financial Aid during COVID-19

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    International solidarity is indispensable for coping with global crises; however, solidarity is frequently constrained by public opinion. Past research has examined who, on the donor side, is willing to support European and international aid. However, we know less about who, on the recipient side, is perceived to deserve solidarity. The article argues that potential donors consider situational circumstances and those relational features that link them to the recipients. Using factorial survey experiments, we analyse public support for international medical and financial aid in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show that recipient countries' situational need and control, as well as political community criteria, namely, group membership, adherence to shared values and reciprocity, played a crucial role in explaining public support for aid. Important policy implications result: on the donor side, fault-attribution frames matter; on the recipient side, honouring community norms is key to receiving aid.

  • Busemeyer, Marius R.; Garritzmann, Julian L.; Garritzmann, Susanne (2023): Bildungspolitik WENZELBURGER, Georg, Hrsg., Reimut ZOHLNHÖFER, Hrsg.. Handbuch Policy-Forschung. 2., aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 2023, S. 657-681. ISBN 978-3-658-34559-4. Verfügbar unter: doi: 10.1007/978-3-658-34560-0_26

    Bildungspolitik

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    Bildungspolitik war lange ein vernachlässigtes Feld der vergleichenden Policy-Forschung. In den letzten Jahren haben viele neue Forschungsarbeiten begonnen, diese Lücke zu schließen. Diese sollen zusammen mit den Klassikern des Forschungsfelds in diesem Überblickskapitel vorgestellt werden. Zunächst zeichnet das Kapitel jedoch anhand von ausgewählten Daten die Konturen des Politikfeldes Bildung im internationalen Vergleich nach. Es folgt eine kritische Würdigung und Diskussion der einschlägigen Forschung entlang von vier Themenbereichen: erstens, Beiträge zur Erklärung der Varianz von bildungspolitischem Output; zweitens, neuere Arbeiten zur Analyse von Konvergenz- und Diffusionsprozessionen in der Steuerung (Governance) von Bildungssystemen, die mit der Internationalisierung von Bildungspolitik zusammenhängen; drittens, Forschungsansätze, die Bildung aus der Perspektive der vergleichenden politischen Ökonomie und Kapitalismusforschung analysieren; und viertens, Forschung zu den Effekten von Bildungssystemen.

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