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  • Breznau, Nate; Rinke, Eike Mark; Wuttke, Alexander; Baute, Sharon; Hellmeier, Sebastian; Hunkler, Christian; Lersch, Philipp M.; Lutscher, Philipp; Mader, Matthias; Seuring, Julian; Wehl, Nadja (2022): Observing many researchers using the same data and hypothesis reveals a hidden universe of uncertainty Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS). National Academy of Sciences. 2022, 119(44), e2203150119. ISSN 0027-8424. eISSN 1091-6490. Available under: doi: 10.1073/pnas.2203150119

    Observing many researchers using the same data and hypothesis reveals a hidden universe of uncertainty

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    This study explores how researchers' analytical choices affect the reliability of scientific findings. Most discussions of reliability problems in science focus on systematic biases. We broaden the lens to emphasize the idiosyncrasy of conscious and unconscious decisions that researchers make during data analysis. We coordinated 161 researchers in 73 research teams and observed their research decisions as they used the same data to independently test the same prominent social science hypothesis: that greater immigration reduces support for social policies among the public. In this typical case of social science research, research teams reported both widely diverging numerical findings and substantive conclusions despite identical start conditions. Researchers' expertise, prior beliefs, and expectations barely predict the wide variation in research outcomes. More than 95% of the total variance in numerical results remains unexplained even after qualitative coding of all identifiable decisions in each team's workflow. This reveals a universe of uncertainty that remains hidden when considering a single study in isolation. The idiosyncratic nature of how researchers' results and conclusions varied is a previously underappreciated explanation for why many scientific hypotheses remain contested. These results call for greater epistemic humility and clarity in reporting scientific findings.

  • Holzer, Boris (2022): Gut sortierte Gegnerschaft Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung. 23. Okt. 2022, No. 42, pp. 60

    Gut sortierte Gegnerschaft

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  • Jöst, Prisca; Lust, Ellen (2022): Receiving more, expecting less? : Social ties, clientelism and the poor’s expectations of future service provision World Development. Elsevier. 2022, 158, 106008. ISSN 0305-750X. eISSN 1873-5991. Available under: doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106008

    Receiving more, expecting less? : Social ties, clientelism and the poor’s expectations of future service provision

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    Do citizens expect candidates who hand out goods at election time to provide services once they take office? The literature provides competing views of the relationship between electoral handouts and service provision. One sees handouts as pre-payment for the vote in lieu of future services; the second understands them as signaling the candidate’s ability to provide future services. In this paper, we examine how electoral handouts may affect expectations of future service provision. We focus on the poor because they are most dependent on such service provision, and on expectations because they are more easily identified and are likely to reflect past experience. We argue the density of social ties within the community should moderate the relationship between candidates’ campaign handouts and expectations of future services. We test this argument using hierarchical models to analyze observational and experimental data from over 14,000 poor Kenyans, Malawians, and Zambians in 631 communities. We find that respondents generally view monetary handouts to be in lieu of future services. However, we also find important differences in communities with more and less dense social ties. Vote-buying is more common and seen as more acceptable in socially dense than in less dense communities. Respondents from socially dense communities are also less likely to expect future service provision; however, they do not see candidates who give handouts as significantly less likely to provide services than those who do not. Indeed, there is evidence that not providing handouts in these communities may signal the candidate’s inability to provide services. These findings highlight the importance of considering how communities’ social density affects expectations over service provision and the need to consider, more broadly, how social context affects the distributive consequences of clientelism.

  • Cohen Raviv, Or; Hinz, Thomas (2022): Intergenerational wealth transmission and homeownership in Europe : a comparative perspective PLoS ONE. Public Library of Science (PLoS). 2022, 17(9), e0274647. eISSN 1932-6203. Available under: doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274647

    Intergenerational wealth transmission and homeownership in Europe : a comparative perspective

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    The literature on social and wealth inequality has long acknowledged the importance of intergenerational wealth transmission (IWT) to inequality in homeownership tenure. However, it has paid insufficient attention to the institutional structures that moderate these inequalities. Therefore, in this study, we ask how institutional factors via differential housing finance systems and governmental housing policies, moderate the association between IWT and homeownership tenure. This is done by using the framework of housing regime configurations and mortgage market financialization. To do so, we pooled data for 20 European countries from the European Central Bank’s Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) for 2010–2017, for household heads aged 25–40. Our main findings show consistent contradiction to the welfare state–homeownership “trade-off” hypothesis: that is, when the rental market is more heavily regulated, it is actually young adults who benefited from IWT or who received higher value of IWT have a higher probability of mortgaged homeownership. Paradoxically, when housing finance institutions are more active and generous, the wealthiest young adults hold an advantage in mortgaged homeownership. Therefore, liberal mortgage markets actually serve to enable wealthier young adults to reproduce and preserve their parental wealth status. Further, when housing prices are less affordable (median mortgage-to-income ratio), those who have received a higher amount of IWT hold an advantage in mortgaged homeownership. We discuss the implications of our findings, which cut across the socioeconomic, spatial, and demographical arenas.

  • Interview: Die Ampelkoalition ändert das Aufenthaltsrecht : FAZ Einspruch Podcast 223, 8.9.2022

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  • Markus, Stanislav (2022): Long-term business implications of Russia’s war in Ukraine Asian Business & Management. Springer. 2022, 21(4), pp. 483-487. ISSN 1472-4782. eISSN 1476-9328. Available under: doi: 10.1057/s41291-022-00181-7

    Long-term business implications of Russia’s war in Ukraine

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    Following its invasion of Ukraine, Russia’s macroeconomic stability will worsen; foreign trade and Russia-bound investment will dry up; and human capital will become scarce. Russia will not fully compensate these losses with increased economic engagement with China, with particular deficiencies likely in high-tech areas for Russia. Import substitution is also unlikely to allow Russia to innovate its way out of economic isolation or escape the resource curse. As Kremlin-connected elites further dominate the impoverished economy, crony state capitalism and kleptocracy will rise. The global repercussions of Russia’s war will include commodity shocks and the attendant supply chain disruptions and inflationary pressures. In terms of FDI, the global industries in energy, auto, and consumer goods will be particularly affected. The loss of the Russian market will be less critical to sales revenues. Structurally, Russia’s forced decoupling from the global economy may lead to the fragmentation of global financial infrastructure and the formation of economically contained blocks.

  • Busemeyer, Marius R. (2022): The welfare state in really hard times : Political trust and satisfaction with the German healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic Journal of European Social Policy. Sage Publications. 2022, 32(4), pp. 393-406. ISSN 0958-9287. eISSN 1461-7269. Available under: doi: 10.1177/09589287221085922

    The welfare state in really hard times : Political trust and satisfaction with the German healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic

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    The COVID-19 pandemic represents an enormous challenge for healthcare systems around the globe. Using original panel survey data for the case of Germany, this article studies how specific trust in the healthcare system to cope with this crisis has evolved during the course of the pandemic and whether this specific form of trust is associated with general political trust. The article finds strong evidence for a positive and robust association between generalized political trust and performance perceptions regarding the efficiency and fairness of the crisis response as well as individual treatment conditions. The article also shows that specific trust in healthcare remained relatively stable throughout 2020, but declined significantly in the spring of 2021.

  • Bettecken, Julia; Klöckner, Ann-Cathrin; Kurch, Charlotte; Schneider, Gerald (2022): Under-represented, cautious, and modest : the gender gap at European Union Politics European Political Science. Springer. 2022, 21(3), pp. 462-475. ISSN 1680-4333. eISSN 1682-0983. Available under: doi: 10.1057/s41304-021-00354-6

    Under-represented, cautious, and modest : the gender gap at European Union Politics

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    The gender gap pervades many core aspects of political science. This article reports that females continue to be under-represented as authors and reviewers in European Union Politics and that these differences have only diminished slightly since the second half of the 2000s. We also report that females use more cautious and modest language in their correspondence with the editorial office, but do not find evidence that this under-studied aspect of the gender gap affects the outcome of the reviewing process. The authors discuss some measures European Union Politics and other journals might take to address the imbalance.

  • Bertogg, Ariane; Koos, Sebastian (2022): Who Received Informal Social Support During the First COVID-19 Lockdown in Germany, and Who Did Not? : The Role of Social Networks, Life Course and Pandemic-Specific Risks Social Indicators Research. Springer. 2022, 163(2), pp. 585-607. ISSN 0303-8300. eISSN 1573-0921. Available under: doi: 10.1007/s11205-022-02890-0

    Who Received Informal Social Support During the First COVID-19 Lockdown in Germany, and Who Did Not? : The Role of Social Networks, Life Course and Pandemic-Specific Risks

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    In this article, we study the receipt of informal support during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. The containment measures have had various, far-reaching consequences for the wellbeing of people, creating demands for economic, practical, and emotional support-even among individuals who hitherto were not in need of support. Existing research has shown substantial levels of informal support during the pandemic, often based on individuals' existing social networks, but has predominantly taken the perspective of donors. In this article, we focus on the "demand" or recipient "side" of informal support, and ask: (1) Who receives which type of informal social support during the pandemic? (2) Who reports unmet need? (3) Which factors explain support receipt, unmet need and the type of support received? To explain patterns of receiving social support, we identify "classic" life course and "new" pandemic-specific risks and complement this perspective with individuals' support potentials from their social networks. Empirically, we use data from an online survey, collected among a quota sample of the German population (n = 4,496) at the end of the first lockdown in late spring 2020. Our analysis shows that one in six respondents received social support, while only 3% report unmet need. Practical and emotional support are most widespread. Using logistic and multinomial logistic regression models our results show that social support in general and the type of support received can be explained by life course and pandemic risks, while unmet need is mainly a consequence of social network structure.

  • Ein Weg zur Cannabis-Legalisierung führt über Luxemburg

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  • Thym, Daniel (2022): Helfer sind keine Fachkräfte Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. 25. Aug. 2022, No. 197, pp. 6

    Helfer sind keine Fachkräfte

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  • el-Wakil, Alice; Strebel, Michael A. (2022): Participatory processes and their outcomes : comparing assembly and popular vote decisions European Political Science Review. Cambridge University Press. 2022, 14(3), pp. 441-458. ISSN 1755-7739. eISSN 1755-7747. Available under: doi: 10.1017/S1755773922000157

    Participatory processes and their outcomes : comparing assembly and popular vote decisions

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    How do face-to-face, assembly processes, and non-face-to-face, popular vote processes impact the decisions made by citizens? Normative discussions of the comparative merits of these two broad types of participatory decision-making processes partly rely on empirical assumptions concerning this question. In this paper, we test the central assumption that assemblies lead to decisions that are more widely supported by participants than popular votes. We do so by analyzing 1,400 decisions made through these processes on the highly salient issue of municipal mergers in Swiss municipalities since 1999. We find that assembly decisions are consistently made by larger majorities than popular vote decisions and that this relationship is significantly mediated by turnout. This suggests that higher levels of agreement in assemblies mainly result from selection biases – with fewer dissenting citizens participating in assemblies than in popular votes – rather than from internal dynamics in assemblies.

  • Holzer, Boris (2022): Wo bleiben die autoritären Linken? Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung. 10. Juli 2022, No. 27, pp. 56

    Wo bleiben die autoritären Linken?

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  • Bätz, Konstantin; Klöckner, Ann-Cathrin; Schneider, Gerald (2022): Challenging the Status Quo : Predicting Violence with Sparse Decision-Making Data International Interactions. Taylor & Francis. 2022, 48(4), pp. 697-713. ISSN 0305-0629. eISSN 1547-7444. Available under: doi: 10.1080/03050629.2022.2051024

    Challenging the Status Quo : Predicting Violence with Sparse Decision-Making Data

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    This article addresses the discrepancy between the explanation and the prediction of political violence through the development of different models that approximate the decision-making on war and peace. Borrowing from the crisis bargaining literature, the prediction models particularly consider the situational attributes through which players can challenge the status quo. We distinguish between direct and indirect proxies of a weakening of the status quo and show that adding decision-making data can improve the accuracy of cross-sectional forecasting models. The study, which demonstrates the increased conflict risk due to the COVID-19 pandemic and thus another development upsetting the status quo, discusses the usefulness of decision-making forecasts through various case study illustrations.

  • Labanino, Rafael; Dobbins, Michael (2022): 'The goal is not necessarily to sit at the table' : Resisting autocratic legalism in Hungarian academia Higher Education Quarterly. Wiley. 2022, 76(3), pp. 521-536. ISSN 0951-5224. eISSN 1468-2273. Available under: doi: 10.1111/hequ.12290

    'The goal is not necessarily to sit at the table' : Resisting autocratic legalism in Hungarian academia

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    The article analyses the strategies of Hungarian higher education interest organisations against the encroachments on academic freedom by Viktor Orbán’s governments. We contrast the 2012-2013 and 2017-2019 protest waves and find that innovations in strategy came from new organisations in both periods, whereas established ones were rather passive or opted for the status quo. However, in the second period, new actors consciously declined to pursue wider systemic goals and aimed at building up formal organisations instead of loose, movement-like networks. The focus on keeping a unified front and interest representation on the workplace level did not change the overall outcome. Just like during the first period, the government was able to reach its goals without major concessions. Nevertheless, during the second protest wave the government was unable to divide and pacify its opponents, which stripped it of its legalistic strategy and revealed its authoritarianism.

  • Holzer, Boris (2022): Proletarier ohne Bewusstsein Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung. 19. Juni 2022, No. 24, pp. 56

    Proletarier ohne Bewusstsein

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  • Busemeyer, Marius R.; Carstensen, Martin B.; Emmenegger, Patrick (2022): Orchestrators of coordination : Towards a new role of the state in coordinated capitalism? European Journal of Industrial Relations. Sage. 2022, 28(2), pp. 231-250. ISSN 0959-6801. eISSN 1461-7129. Available under: doi: 10.1177/09596801211062556

    Orchestrators of coordination : Towards a new role of the state in coordinated capitalism?

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    Liberalization poses significant challenges for the continued provision of collective goods within coordinated market economies (CME). Extant scholarship suggests two dominant sets of responses. Either CMEs continue to rely on employer coordination, but only for a privileged core, leading to dualization. Or, in cases where the state enjoys high capacity, the state instead compensates for liberalization but ends up crowding out employer coordination. In both cases, the result is decreasing employer coordination. We argue that in CMEs, the state may also play the role of “orchestrator” by supporting the revitalization of employer coordination. It does so through the deployment of ideational and institutional resources that mobilize employers’ associations on a voluntary basis. Applying our framework to a core area of coordinated capitalism, vocational education and training, we show that in both Germany and Switzerland, this indirect and soft form of state intervention was instrumental for turning around their crisis-stricken vocational training systems.

  • Holzer, Boris (2022): Die ganz oben sieht man nicht Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung. 29. Mai 2022, No. 21, pp. 56

    Die ganz oben sieht man nicht

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  • Gallego, Aina; Kurer, Thomas (2022): Automation, Digitalization, and Artificial Intelligence in the Workplace : Implications for Political Behavior Annual Review of Political Science. Annual Reviews. 2022, 25(1), pp. 463-484. ISSN 1094-2939. eISSN 1545-1577. Available under: doi: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-104535

    Automation, Digitalization, and Artificial Intelligence in the Workplace : Implications for Political Behavior

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    New technologies are a key driver of labor market change in recent decades. There are renewed concerns that technological developments in areas such as robotics and artificial intelligence will destroy jobs and create political upheaval. This article reviews the vibrant debate about the economic consequences of recent technological change and then discusses research about how digitalization may affect political participation, vote choice, and policy preferences. It is increasingly well established that routine workers have been the main losers of recent technological change and disproportionately support populist parties. However, at the same time, digitalization also creates a large group of economic winners who support the political status quo. The mechanisms connecting technology-related workplace risks to political behavior and policy demands are less well understood. Voters may fail to fully comprehend the relative importance of different causes of structural economic change and misattribute blame to other factors. We conclude with a list of pressing research questions.

  • Holzer, Boris (2022): Wen interessiert die schwarze Null? Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung. 8. Mai 2022, No. 18, pp. 56

    Wen interessiert die schwarze Null?

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